Knowledge as a Double Edged Sword in the novels Oryx and Crake as well

Is information, which is the base of human inventiveness and knowledge, additionally the factor which will bring upon humanity’s approaching demolition? Information today assumes a key job in pretty much every feature of human presence, from food, to water, to giving the establishment to each piece innovative hardware at any point built. Information however has likewise furnished us with always innovative and effective methods for slaughtering and obliterating one another and the planet, these methods incorporate atomic weapons, and obviously natural fighting. Consequently information assumes the job of the multiplied edged blade, bringing mankind extravagances and force past origination, just as equipping us with the devices to totally annihilate all life. In the novel of Oryx and Crake, a marginally further developed human advancement than our own, where biotechnology has carried various marvels to the world is brought into viewpoint. This human progress, fashioned by defile ment, has wiped out malady, and now is making engineered infections so as to capitalize on the pulverization, the ideal plan. One of the heroes, Crake, finds this plan, and with this information, looks to decimate the debased human progress, by playing out a similar barbarity. With Crake’s engineered infection, he wipes out the aggregate of human race, with the devices information provided him with. In the novel A Canticle for Leibowitz humankind is only an inconsequential remainder of its previous greatness, after it pulverized itself with the utilization of atomic weapons. This epic shows humanity’s find new life, with center being put in around the Request of St. Leibowitz, the sole caretakers’ of the abhorred information from the age past. With the information contained with the Order, humankind encounters a renaissance, where ulte... ...valued information to the exclusion of everything else. In both Oryx and Crake and A Canticle for Leibowitz, knowledged goes about as a multiplied edged blade bringing marvels and creations that genuinely make life simple, and simultaneously acquiring passing and obliteration the type of weapons and military progressions. It is very apparent in the two books that information demonstrations a divine being, to be adored and considered, and as a divine being, picks when to bargain out great and awful deeds. Information gave humanity marvels and slaughters. Information itself isn't deadly, humankind is the hand that coordinates the pathways of information. People cause slaughters, with the helper of information. Be that as it may, if humankind is really brought into the world wickedness, than it is just a short an ideal opportunity for it to wrecks itself. As humanity dives all the more profoundly in the unending mine of information, it must take alert, as it has inside its grip to become gods†¦or evil presences.

The Leaders Challenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Leaders Challenge - Essay Example Profession choices depend on numerous elements, not simply pay alone, some even have different vocations. Church authority models have changed after some time as society keeps on having expanding enthusiasm for strict issues and chapels. The plan of action of a common CEO has invaded numerous places of worship. Ministers of temples utilizing a CEO model measure accomplishment by numbers, cash, participation and building ventures, while different pioneers consider that if reality of Christ is overlooked, the thought process isn't right from the very beginning and embrace His model in zones of chapel, legislative issues, and business. States Matthew 6:33, â€Å"But look for first his realm and his exemplary nature, and every one of these things will be given to you as well†. The outer connections you have accommodated our learning experience are exceptionally useful. There are such a large number of new locales to investigate that I have never observed. I anticipate investigating the entirety of the connections. The three connections I discovered accommodating that I as of now use are Biblegateway.com. This site is incredibly useful in contemplating the Word of God. As we probably am aware, confidence drops by hearing the Word. I take notes while the Word is being verbally expressed by the peruser. This style of learning, for me, permits the Word to sink profound into my soul. The second connection I appreciate is Dr. David Jeremiah, Turning Point. I appreciate interpretive lecturing. Dr. Jeremiah is a very powerful vessel for the Holy Spirit in educating and dismemberment of the Scripture. Tuning in to the powerful interpretive educating of the Scripture permits understudies to develop in their stroll with Christ. Much obliged and God favor.

An Unexpected Gift Essay Example For Students

An Unexpected Gift Essay Marisol strolled into the enormous highschool building. There were individuals associating in little gatherings right down the long principle corridor. She looked at her calendar and headed tward her top of the line. On her way she passed individuals she would have waved to in center school, individuals that wouldve grinned were they not all that obsorbed in themselves now, they didnt notice her. In her top of the line of the day, which was English, she sat in the corner behind a gathering of chuckling young ladies. They young ladies passed notes to her, yet just for her to pass on. They young lady who had all the earmarks of being their pioneer, talked with a stutter, and when shed swing her head around nearly hitting Marisol with her hair, shed apologize and guarantee shed overlooked anybody was behind her. Marisol wasnt suprized; Marisol thought the young lady cap likely overlooked her own name on occasion. The remainder of the day was similarly as astounding; individuals pushing past her in the lobby, gatherings of folks and young ladies passing notes and she was invisable. Toward the day's end, Marisol hung up an image of her mom in her storage. She cried delicate tears unobtrusively, as she agonizingly recalled the night her mom took her final gasp, which had just been weeks back. Considerations of her moms grin, snicker, voice, and kind words made her heart throb. Marisol! Ive been searching all over for you! Tamera, Marisols closest companion, interupted her sorrowful contemplations. Tamera was a short medium estimated red-headed young lady, with a major grin on consistently. Gracious, nectar, would you say you are alright? Tamera humiliated Marisol. Indeed Im fine. Marisol answered solumnly. Alright, great. I discovered this little bit of paper in our storage this grieving. It had your name on it, yet I didnt think youd mind in the event that I read it. Tamera gave the magled note, which plainly had been collapsed conveniently at once, to Marisol. It says like, so much stuff about holy messengers watching you, and that, similar to, you should grin, and a wide range of stuff. I think youve got an admirer! Tamera grinned and held up as Marisol unfurled the note, whos past sharp overlap had been constrained into an odd lopsided square. The handwritting looked excellent, and it was imprinted in green ink. Each word appeared to be uncommonly picked and made her heart load up with satisfaction. As her eyes ignored each word she felt lighter and more joyful than she had all week. She couldnt help however grin. Marisols first day of highschool began so ineffectively before, shed idea shed return home and cry. Subsequent to perusing the expressions of somebody, some astounding individual with a heavenly attendants mind who clearly adored her without question, Marisol not, at this point felt invisable. Actually she knew she wasnt invisable and couldnt be if there was somebody who might be listening that she motivated to compose those wonderful uncommon words that were composed distinctly for her.

Big Pharma’s Marketing Tactics Essay

The Big Pharma contention is about the wide-scale promoting acts of neglect utilized by enormous pharmaceutical organizations in America which brought about a progression of negative ramifications on shoppers. It spins around pharmaceutical organizations, government controllers, wellbeing experts (or â€Å"unprofessional†), showcase buyers and the clinical guard dogs. The debate was framed between the supporters of the advertising strategies utilized by pharmaceutical delegates and the depreciators to it. Explicitly the setting matters: Is it right, or fairly moral for the clinical experts to benefit to the detriment of the patients? Are there progressively basic factors that prompted this contention? It is critical to accomplish a harmony between the advantages and downsides of the advertising strategies utilized by the pharmaceutical business; anyway it is increasingly fundamental to consider the moral issues relating to these strategies. Surely, both the purchaser government assistance and wellbeing are of essential concern; yet our moral commitments are not released exclusively by an assurance of some level of security from hurt. In any case, I emphatically accept that the wellbeing contemplations of shoppers ought to be put before benefit boost, in light of the fact that, obviously, the pharmaceutical business has the obligation to treat people’s wellbeing, rather than hurting them. This exposition will look to inspect the moral ramifications of medication advancement endeavors by pharmaceutical goliaths, the social effects of medication advancement on buyers just as the ways to deal with contain this question. Key Issues To Be Discussed The key moral issues of contention identified with Big Pharma are the faulty advertising rehearses practiced by the pharmaceutical business, item wellbeing, science available to be purchased and campaigning endeavors. These basic issues have been emotive and multi-dimensional. Thus, it pulled in a wide scope of perspectives about the theme. Flawed Marketing Practices The showcasing endeavors of Big Pharma have consistently been under the media spotlight and the examination of general society and clinical guard dogs. The pharmaceutical advertisers have utilized diverse medium to reach to the potential customers and experts. The breadth of the advancement endeavors of the medications had multiplied into each corner people’s lives. Notwithstanding, many accept that the pharmaceutical industry’s want benefits triumphs over their authentic want to support the general population, and this blinded worry for benefits keeps on forming the eventual fate of this industry. The center of this discussion is whether the significant expense of medications is legitimate by the expense of innovative work done by the pharmaceutical organizations. Has the cash been utilized somewhere else? Truth be told, the world’s significant medication organizations have been blamed for spending enormous entireties of cash on advancing their medications, as opposed to investigating on them. Huge Pharma has built up a plenty of approaches to contact the general population to publicize on their best in class drugs; from TV and radio spots to paper and web promotions. The promoting spending plan for the medication organizations have soar to a huge aggregate. In 2007, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)’s greatest promoting sticker price was connected to Advair, the firm’s blockbuster asthma medicine, which rung up US$127 million in publicizing spending. The aggregate sum of cash spent on advertising by pharmaceuticals was U. S. $57. 5 billion for 2004. The absolute spent on residential mechanical pharmaceutical R&D was U. S. $31. 5 billion. Plainly, the special functions of the medication organizations have demonstrated that the U. S. pharmaceutical industry is still for the most part showcasing driven. Debased practices among specialists and wellbeing experts are normal in the pharmaceutical business either. Specialists or even undergrad clinical understudies were barraged with logo-invaded complimentary gifts by the organizations, so as to convince them to endorse their medications to patients. Numerous doctors were exposed to monetary baits by organizations to persuade them to support their medications and recommend them. In 2009, an examination out of Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital found that 84 percent of specialists have connections to tranquilize organizations, a 10% drop from five years sooner. Yet, around 66% of specialists despite everything acknowledge medicate tests, while 70 percent acknowledge food and drink motivations from sedate organizations. Also, fourteen percent keep on tolerating money installments for administrations. While a portion of these deceptive practices were tightened, not all were evacuated. Some octors didn't reveal the measure of endowments and money which they have acknowledged from the medication organizations. They accept that their choices on the remedy of medications would not be impacted by the endowments which they have acknowledged. As I would like to think, the supporters, fundamentally the wellbeing experts and agents of the pharmaceutical mammoths, have ignored the real wellbeing ramifications and the high medication costs acquired to the overall population in concern. They may have a go at fighting off such good difficulties by asserting that considerable measure of promoting is important to support the deals of their items. Making sure about more benefits would likewise mean more cash can be contributed on examine for better medications. In any case, it is clear that the exorbitant limited time endeavors of medications have blinded the pharmaceutical business, in the quest for additional benefits and deals. Their primary worry of benefit amplification despite everything stays in front of the interests of the network. Debasement rehearses among wellbeing experts ought to likewise be stemmed out with the goal that unreasonable and one-sided choices made by specialists would not influence the medications endorsed to shoppers. A critical aggregate of cash should in any case be utilized for the advancement of better medications to improve the nature of the lives of individuals. All in all, the guideline of utilitarianism really gives the scope in choosing the degree of advertising endeavors by pharmaceutical mammoths. Wellbeing experts ought not profit to the detriment of the patients. Rather, specialists ought to consistently act to the greatest advantage of the patients. It is along these lines imperative to accomplish a harmony between the showcasing endeavors and the veritable enthusiasm for the soundness of the general population. Item Safety The security of the medications delivered has been a convincing issue in this contention. Medication organizations have been supposedly wrongfully advancing medications for utilizes for which they were not endorsed by the specialists. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) claimed that Astra Zeneca, an Anglo-Swedish goliath, wrongfully advanced Seroquel, an enemy of insane medication, for off-name purposes, explicitly to doctors who don't regularly treat patients with schizophrenia or bipolar issue. Rather, they promoted it in long haul care offices and penitentiaries for the treatment of unapproved utilizes, including Alzheimer’s ailment, outrage the board, tension, consideration shortage hyperactivity issue and despondency. Hence, it prompted the review of the medications and AstraZeneca paid $520 million to determine claims for unlawfully showcasing Seroquel for unapproved employments. A portion of these unapproved drugs were promoted through various methods. Regularly, these off-name drugs were produced using low quality materials, or were tainted in the creation procedure. Because of the serious medication showcase, makers are enticed to compromise by re-appropriating creation to conceivably inconsistent outsiders and hold back on testing the item before discharging it into the market. Therefore, a portion of these items could present noteworthy wellbeing dangers to customers. The trust customers have on Big Pharma despite everything stays as a central issue. Should buyers keep on believing that the medications produced by the pharmaceutical organizations are legitimate and alright for utilization? There is no distinct response to it. Pharmaceuticals are liable for sparing and improving the lives of numerous individuals. Nonetheless, it appeared to turn out something else. Once more, benefit expansion stays as the top need of pharmaceutical organizations. I trust it would in any case take some time before the medication business arrive at a resolution between benefit making and the wellbeing contemplations of people in general. As I would like to think, it is sensible for sedate organizations to hotspot for less expensive other option and accomplish low expenses in tranquilize creation; notwithstanding, it ought to alter or stop the turn of events if major issues rise. In this manner, it is significant for medicate makers to be aware of the negative results that their items have on customers. Science available to be purchased Science has consistently been viewed as a target try that expels any type of inclination in explores and is intrinsically obvious and dependable. The outcomes ought to be created freely, without predisposition and with the sole want to locate the best medications. Be that as it may, clinical investigates today, have gotten ruined by cash and uncommon premiums, and regularly distort reality to suit individual needs or corporate financial premiums. The basic thought process despite everything comes down to benefit making. Consider the case of the enormous and broadly cited Jupiter preliminary â€Å"proving† that Crestor, a cholesterol-bringing down medication, could forestall cardiovascular failures in individuals with ordinary or low cholesterol. In this preliminary scientists bent the information to suit the business patron of the examination. A free survey of the Jupiter preliminary distributed in the Archives of Internal Medicine indicated that it was profoundly defective and the real information didn't show any profit for the counteraction of coronary illness. Most clinical explores are without a doubt supported by pharmaceutical mammoths. Thus, so as to bring the item into the market, discoveries are frequently custom fitted to be corresponding with the monetary premiums of the organization. I trust it is dishonest for Big Pharma to pay specialists to bend reality with regards to awful results and to sneak mutilated data and showcasing messages into clinical diary articles. The consumers’ hea

History 111- Causes Of The Civil War Essays -

History 111-Causes Of The Civil War Reasons for the Civil War Albeit a few students of history feel that the Civil War was an aftereffect of political botches and that the issue of servitude didn't cause the contention, they overlook the two primary driver. The development of servitude, and its passageway into the political scene. The North couldn't have cared less about subjugation as long as it remained in the South. South Carolina withdrew, in light of the fact that Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, was casted a ballot into office. The Republican party compromised the South's development thus Southerners felt that they had no other decision. The United States was separated into three gatherings when the Civil War started: the individuals who had confidence in the total cancelation of subjugation, the individuals who were against the development of servitude, and the individuals who were ace subjection. The Republican party was framed contrary to southern development. Their perspectives were Free Soil, Free Men and Free Labor. The Republicans were hostile to South yet they were in not abolitionists. They accepted that subjugation was an imperfect framework that made the south insufficient and on the grounds that the North's free work framework was predominant it must be watched from southerners. At the point when the Republican competitor, Abraham Lincoln was chosen in 1860, the South felt compromised, and on the grounds that extension was indispensable to the endurance of subjugation they additionally felt their lifestyle was being undermined. Since bondage was such a significant piece of Southern culture, the South felt that they couldn't get by without it. That is the reason they were not ready to bargain with the north. To claim slaves was an indication of riches and social distinction and poor ranchers who couldn't manage the cost of slaves had an objective to work for. In the appointment of 1860 you can see that Lincoln just made sure about 4% of the well known vote in the South, just winning in the upper 5 states, where in the north he got 54% of the mainstream vote. This shoes how joined the South was in their aversion for Lincoln. In the event that the South had been increasingly partitioned they may have been all the more ready to settle. The main driver of contention among North and South was subjection, yet it was distinctly in it's extension that it turned into an explanation behind war. The passage of servitude into legislative issues made it into an open issue, and once the issue became open the contention must be explained. From the main years in American history, we have drank. Records of the primary Europeans on Americas territory tell about the homesteaders extraordinary thirste after their unique supplies of European-made liquor ran out. The pilgrims made their own wine. Eve Alcohol was imported from everywhere throughout the world. Imaginative pilgrims made liquor from nearly anything. One melody from the 1700s went this way: In the event that grain be needing to make into malt, We should be substance and think it no shortcoming, For we can make alcohol to improve our lips Of pumpkins, and parsnips, and pecan tree chips. Not every person endorsed of drinking. Numerous Protestant gatherings, including the Methodists and Lutherans had solid antidrink conventions dependent on strict lessons. Denial was first attempted in America to shield provincial pilgrims from the assaults of I The most punctual reformers called for balance, not absolute forbearance, yet as their development picked up quality it requested a total restriction of all brew, wine, and alcohol. The main balance enactment was passed in Massachusetts in 1838. Called the Many individuals in this time were starting to be arranged as either drys or wets. Drys were against liquor and wets were for it. Indeed, even with the expanding number of Drys in office, the alcohol exchange was one of the countries greatest businesses in the lat Saloons were known as the Devils Headquarters on earth by a few. Supporting the Dry reason were such cryptic speakers, for example, Billy Sunday who stated: The cantina is the aggregate everything being equal. It is more awful than war, more terrible than disease, more regrettable than starvation. It is the wrongdoing of violations. It is the mother of sins. It is the shocking wellspring of tragedies, pauperism and wrongdoing. With the entirety of this forbiddance purposeful publicity, the Wets were making some hard memories keeping up the high ground. Huge endowments of money desired the Dry reason from rich industrialists, for example, Henry Ford. The Drys saw the

More Alike Than Not Septimus Smith and Clarissa Dalloway - Literature Essay Samples

Eric Auerbach writes in Mimesis that one of the characteristics of the realistic novel of the era between the two world wars is the multi-personal representations of consciousness. In Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, first published in 1925, the novel delves into the consciousness of many characters. However, one character stands out more than any other: Septimus Smith, a WWI veteran who suffers constantly from the terrible repercussions of trench warfare. The extensive period of time Woolf dwells in his mind is both interesting and puzzling. Why does Woolf choose a secondary character who is insane – what does she hope to accomplish by this decision? Septimus has often been described as Mrs. Dalloway’s double, and on the surface, the comparison could not be stranger. For one, Septimus comes from a poor working background whereas Mrs. Dalloway is the wife of a rich upper-middle class politician. Not only is there a clear social divide, but a psychological one as w ell. Septimus is insane, whereas Mrs. Dalloway is not. Septimus’ madness seems to serve as a driving edge that crystallizes the distinction between the two characters. However, if we look closer, it becomes clear that the two characters are more similar than different and Septimus’ madness, rather than differentiating the two, only helps to illuminate the similarities more. Thus, Septimus needs to be insane because his insanity helps to show that Mrs. Dalloway and he are actually parallel characters. One way in which we can use our knowledge of Septimus to understand Mrs. Dalloway is by examining their social roles. Even though the two characters may at first appear very unalike, they share many similar traits and experiences. In the novel, Septimus’ experience in the war and his struggle with the terrifying consequences of trench warfare is juxtaposed with Mrs. Dalloway and her struggle with gender roles and being a stereotypical housewife or hostess. Though th e two struggles are ostensibly very different, they are the same at the core – both are fighting against societal conventions and expectations. In the case of Septimus Smith, his experiences in the trenches of World War I and the death of his good friend, Evans, cause him to lose his mind. But, the social order of Britain in the 1920s was not equipped with dealing with insanity – it was frowned upon and largely ignored by society. No one wants to acknowledge the horrifying effects of trench warfare and shellshock, even though the war was the most formative experience of men of Septimus’ generation. Septimus, as an able-bodied young man, is still expected to be a contributing member of society, despite suffering the terrible repercussions of war. This unwillingness to acknowledge and deal with the issue of insanity and shellshock is reflected in opinions of people like Dr. Holmes, who insist â€Å"There was nothing whatever the matter† (90). In fact, Holme s suggests to Septimus’ wife, Reiza, that the solution to her husband’s â€Å"moodiness† was to go to the Music Hall or take a day off and play golf together (90). Even Sir William Bradshaw, a highly respected physician, suggests sending Septimus off to an asylum because he violated societal norms and standards. Septimus’ struggle with insanity and the consequences of trench warfare is juxtaposed against Mrs. Dalloway’s struggle against gender stereotypes. In Virginia Woolf’s time, a woman’s identity was made up of largely her relations with others: as daughter, wife, or mother. In fact, the novel begins and is titled Mrs. Dalloway – an acknowledgement of Clarissa’s defining role as the wife of Mr. Dalloway, a prominent politician. Clarissa feels a sort of entrapment in the roles society has given her, â€Å"she had the oddest sense of being herself invisible, unseen†¦this being Mrs. Dalloway; not even Clarissa an ymore; this being Mrs. Richard Dalloway† (11). She feels acutely the need for private development and refuses to be cast simply as someone’s wife or a party hostess. In a way, her house can be seen as an equivalent of Septimus’ asylum – both institutions are society’s methods of confinement. Clarissa’s struggle for individuality can be viewed as a reflection of Septimus’ struggle for sanity – both violate the traditional structures of society. The social order of the time created standards and forced individuals into rigid roles with certain expectations – that of a wife and a soldier. While Septimus’ struggle for sanity is obvious in the story, Clarissa’s is not. Therefore Septimus and his insanity are needed to show that both characters have a private self that diverges from public expectations of them. Perhaps, the final victory is achieved by Mrs. Dalloway who, when she comes down the stairs at the end o f the novel, is finally recognized by Peter Walsh and by others as an individual in herself: â€Å"What is this terror? What is this ecstasy? †¦ What is it that fills me with extraordinary excitement? It is Clarissa† (194).Septimus’ madness also serves an aesthetic purpose. Woolf uses his insanity to point out the modernist notion that reality is disordered rather than structured. She achieves this through her use of style, syntax, and form. The novel employs the stream of consciousness style, which is inherently without order. Not only is it without order, though, it also blurs the distinction between sanity and insanity. When examining passages of consciousness in the novel, if we were to remove all clues that reveal the person whose consciousness we are in, it would be very hard to identify the character being described. That is not to say, of course, everyone’s consciousness is the same as Septimus’ but that the intrinsic qualities of the stream of consciousness style blurs the distinction – almost everyone’s thoughts are without a logical structure, some (Septimus’) more illogical than others. Virginia Woolf purposely chooses this style because it helps to reinforce the similarities between Septimus and Clarissa. For instance, Mrs. Dalloway describes one of her revelations as: â€Å"whether it was pity, or their beauty, or that she was older, or some accident – like a faint scent, or a violin next door†¦she did undoubtedly then feel what men felt† (32) How do pity, beauty, being older, or a violin connect and contribute to her understanding of what men feel? This quotation delves into the heart of the novel, which is not action or dialogue, but rather, moments of time. By focusing on the â€Å"moment†, Woolf rejects traditional structures of storytelling with their organized form. Mrs. Dalloway is neither a comedy or a tragedy, or drama or a romance. Woolf also uses syntax, sp ecifically the semicolon, to place free-standing and independent entities into one sentence without logical connection. This also supports the idea of a disordered reality without inherent logic or connection. The semicolon is used adroitly in the following observation by Mrs. Dalloway: In people’s eyes, in the swing, tramp, and trudge; in the bellow and the uproar; the carriages, motor cars†¦brass bands; barrel organs; in the triumph and the jingle and the strange high singing of some aeroplane overhead was what she loved; life; London; this moment of June (4). This juxtaposition of random and weakly connected objects (swing, carriages, barrel organs, aeroplane, etc.) exemplifies the chaotic reality that Woolf believed we lived in. However, that is not to say there is no order or that stream of consciousness style is solely a random rambling of thoughts and impressions. Although Woolf rejected the traditional forms of order, such as chapter breaks and plot, she employs a much subtler form of organization that draws its inspiration from still-life paintings, namely composition. Reiza’s hat and Clarissa’s party can both be seen as compositions that create coherence from disorder and chaos. Big Ben is another form of order in the novel, dividing the story into hours. Woolf also uses symmetry as a method of organization – the novel is at its midway point when it is midday. Although there are some attempts at organizing the novel, the underlying argument is still that reality is without inherent order – Septimus’ character helps us achieve this understanding. His insanity is the physical manifestation of the chaos in the natural world. Virginia Woolf intentionally blurs the distinction between reality and imagination, order and disorder, to show the intrinsic similarities between Septimus and Clarissa.Septimus’ insanity can also help us in a psychological analysis of the novel, especially in studying the theme of privacy of soul. Mrs. Dalloway, even as an 18-year-old, yearns for privacy. In fact, she married Richard because â€Å"in marriage a little licence, a little independence there must be between people living together day in day out in the same house, which Richard gave her, and she him† (7). She craves private development and is offended when Peter Walsh casts her as merely a hostess. Others identify her primarily in her social role as Richard’s wife, as Mrs. Richard Dalloway, and do not see her as an individual. In a way, Clarissa envies the old lady across from her for her privacy and believes that â€Å"love and religion would destroy that, whatever it was, the privacy of soul† (127) because love and religion would require sharing and communication. Septimus is perhaps the best example of someone who has privacy – indeed, he has complete privacy of soul. Even Reiza, his wife, does not know what he thinks most of the time. Virginia Woolf uses the sce ne in Regent’s park where the couple sits side-by-side on a park bench to show how distant Septimus is from Reiza, despite their physical proximity. In fact, the only time Septimus appears sane in the novel is when he helps Reiza make a hat. He begins by â€Å"putting odd colors together – for though he had no fingers, could not even do up a parcel, he had a wonderful eye† (143). Working together with his wife in creating a hat – taking ribbons and beads and wool and making a coherent whole out of the pieces – â€Å"was wonderful. Never had he done anything which made him feel so proud. It was so real, it was so substantial, Mrs. Peter’s hat† (144). In making the hat, he inevitably has to share a part of him – his thoughts and opinions – with Reiza and in doing so, extracts himself from isolation and insanity. In the end, Septimus succumbs to madness and in his last act, throws himself out of the window to preserve his p rivacy of soul against the encroaching figure of Dr. Holmes. Septimus’ death is necessary in the story because it helps Clarissa realize that extreme privacy of soul in a relationship is not desirable because it is also isolating. At the end of her party, when she goes upstairs, she sees the old lady again. This time, however, rather than envying her privacy, Clarissa comes to realize that although the old lady has privacy, she is also undeniably alone. As Mrs. Dalloway watches the lady get ready for bed, she is suddenly reminded of Septimus’ death: â€Å"the young man had killed himself†¦There! The old lady had put out her light! The whole house was dark now† (186). The juxtaposition of Septimus’ suicide and the old lady going to bed alone help Mrs. Dalloway realize that â€Å"she must go back to them [the party]† (186). Clarissa finally understands that it is not desirable to aim for that kind of extreme privacy and reconciles herself with h er role as a hostess. Septimus’ insanity and ultimate death help her realize the need for both a social and private self. Woolf’s desire to portray â€Å"consciousness in its natural and purposeless freedom† (Auerbach) is manifest in the characters of Septimus Smith and Clarissa Dalloway. In Mrs. Dalloway, she uses Septimus’ struggle with sanity to illuminate Clarissa’s struggle for individuality in a largely patriarchal society. His death at the end also demonstrates to Clarissa the necessity for both a public and private self. Woolf uses Septimus’ madness to blur the distinction between sanity and insanity and her clever use of the stream of consciousness style – a style without inherent order – strengthen the parallels between the two main characters. Throughout the story, Virginia Woolf uses Septimus to write about Clarissa. Ultimately, we realize that his madness, rather than acting as a wedge between the two characters, j uxtaposes them and reveals their inherent similarities. Work CitedWoolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. New York: Harcourt. Inc. 1990.

The Awakening Essay - 1036 Words

The Awakening opens in the late 1800s in Grand Isle, a summer holiday resort popular with the wealthy inhabitants of nearby New Orleans. Edna Pontellier is vacationing with her husband, Là ©once, and their two sons at the cottages of Madame Lebrun, which house affluent Creoles from the French Quarter. Là ©once is kind and loving but preoccupied with his work. His frequent business-related absences mar his domestic life with Edna. Consequently, Edna spends most of her time with her friend Adà ¨le Ratignolle, a married Creole who epitomizes womanly elegance and charm. Through her relationship with Adà ¨le, Edna learns a great deal about freedom of expression. Because Creole women were expected and assumed to be chaste, they could behave in a†¦show more content†¦Worried about the changing attitude and increasing disobedience of his wife, Là ©once seeks the guidance of the family physician, Doctor Mandelet. A wise and enlightened man, Doctor Mandelet suspects that Ednaâ₠¬â„¢s transformation is the result of an affair, but he hides his suspicions from Là ©once. Instead, Doctor Mandelet suggests that Là ©once let Edna’s defiance run its course, since attempts to control her would only fuel her rebellion. Là ©once heeds the doctor’s advice, allowing Edna to remain home alone while he is away on business. With her husband gone and her children away as well, Edna wholly rejects her former lifestyle. She moves into a home of her own and declares herself independent—the possession of no one. Her love for Robert still intense, Edna pursues an affair with the town seducer, Alcà ©e Arobin, who is able to satisfy her sexual needs. Never emotionally attached to Arobin, Edna maintains control throughout their affair, satisfying her animalistic urges but retaining her freedom from male domination. At this point, the self-sufficient and unconventional old pianist Mademoiselle Reisz adopts Edna as a sort of protà ©gà ©, warning Edna of the sacrifices required of an artist. Edna is moved by Mademoiselle Reisz’s piano playing and visits her often. She is also eager to read the letters from abroad that Robert sends the woman. A woman who devotes her life entirely to her art, Mademoiselle serves as an inspiration and model to Edna, who continues her process ofShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening on Kate Chopins The Awakening1745 Words   |  7 Pages The time period of the 1880s that Kate Chopin lived in influenced her to write The Awakening, a very controversial book because of many new depictions of women introduced in the book. The Awakening is a book about a woman, Edna Pontellier. In the beginning, she is a happy woman with her husband and 2 kids vacationing at Grand Isle. 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We see evidence of this idea of the sea as a feminine from Showalter when she tells us that â€Å"As the female body is prone to wetness,Read MoreSymbolism In The Awakening1420 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing Chopin’s use of symbolism in â€Å"The Awakening† What would one expect to be the personality of a woman, who was raised in a family of no man dominance in the year of 1800? Kate Chopin was born in Missouri, in 1850 and was one of the five children. At very young age, Kate lost her both sisters and her brother. At age of five, Kate was sent to a Catholic school. Not long after leaving her home, Chopin loses her father. Kate is being sent home from school to live with her mother, grandmotherRead More Essay on The Awakening712 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Views of The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and understanding about human nature. In Chopins time, writing a story with such great attention to sensual details in both men and women caused skepticism among readers and critics. However, many critics have different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Ednas suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics.    SymbolismRead More The Awakening Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesthe fact that an author is able to convey his/her message clearer and include things in the book that cannot be exhibited in a movie. For this reason, the reader of the book is much more effected than the viewer of the film. In the novella, The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, there is much more evidence of symbolism as well as deeper meaning than in the movie version of the book, Grand Isle. 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Ethics And Protection Of Sensitive Data - 1241 Words

BC Policy Statement AAE is committed to the ethical use and protection of sensitive data such as operating policies and procedures, personnel records, vendor information, service level agreements, and contracts. To ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of this data and to protect AAE legal liability, and loss of goodwill to protect data provides this policy in support of a plan for business continuity and data recovery. Scope This Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is developed to sustain AAE’s business processes during and after a data breach (NIST SP 800-43, page 8). It details what the organization will do if business activities are interrupted by adverse events such as loss of data. Basically the BCP will lay out short-term and long-term plans for data recover after a breach. In sum, this BCP will communicate: Clear plans for the continuity of operations Processes that are critical to continue operating A plan to minimize downtime. During a data breach, AAE’s priorities and responsibilities are to: Respond as quickly as possible to the incident Contain the breach as quickly as possible to prevent it from spreading to other systems Eradicate the threat by safely removing malware from the affected systems and patching the affected systems Restore lost data from a known good backup or storage Do damage control to reduce liability and to demonstrate goodwill towards securing data. Strategic Pre-Incident Changes AAE will implement the following pre-incident changesShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Of Securing Data Security1682 Words   |  7 PagesCUW ID: F00439850 Assignment: Term Project - Project 3 1. Topic: Data Security 2. Working Title: Ethical issues in Securing Data 3. Thesis Statement: In this paper the primary motive is to provide the ethical issues related to data security. This paper provides the ethical issues facing by the individuals even the security of the applications is so high. 4. 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To iterate this, quoting from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: â€Å"In most countries of the world, the â€Å"information revolution† has altered many aspects of life significantly:Read MoreThe Australian Code Of Ethics For Social Work1591 Words   |  7 PagesThe Australian Code of ethics for Social work AASW (2003), which replicates the highest international ethical standards, conditions a respectable social worker to exhibit ethical awareness in their field of work, whilst observing the standards of accountability (Hugman, Pittaway Bartolomei 2011, p.1272). Social workers, indifferent to their type of service are encouraged to promote ethical values and standards. However, the shift to ethics in research involving human participation was particularly

Dropping Out Of School A Silent Epidemic - 963 Words

Dropping out of school has been called a silent epidemic (Bridgeland, DiIulio, Morison, 2006), a crisis (Rumberger Lim, 2008), and a challenge (Steinberg, Johnson, Pennington, 2006). In 2007, approximately 6.2 million people between the ages of 16 and 24 years old were high school dropouts. â€Å"Among these dropouts, 60.1% were men, 18.8% were Black, and 30.1% were Hispanic† (Center for Labor Market Studies, 2009, p. 2). Dropping out is costly not only to the student but also to society as well (Lessard et al., 2008). In comparison to students who graduate from high school, dropouts are more likely to have higher rates of unemployment. For example, in October 2005 high school dropouts had an estimated unemployment rate of 32.9% whereas high school graduates not attending college had a rate of 20.6% and graduates who were attending college had a rate of 8.4% (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2006). If a dropout does obtain employment, it is estimated that they will have lo wer earnings than graduates. For example, the U.S. Census Bureau (2006) estimated that high school dropouts have an average annual income of $17,299 while high school graduates and those who have obtained their equivalency earn an average of $26,933 annually (as cited in Alliance for Excellent Education, n.d.). Additionally, dropouts are more likely than their counterparts to have poorer health and higher rates of mortality. â€Å"On average, a high school graduate lives nine years longer than a dropout andShow MoreRelatedCausal Analysis Paper: Significant Rise in High School Dropout Rates in United States1602 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract In recent times, there has been a significant rise in high school dropout rates in United States of America. 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According to  Bridgeland,amp;  Ã‚  DiIulio, Jr., Morison, in  2006).when a parent or care giver does not play an active role in their chil dren’s education; the child will not take their educationRead MoreThe Dropout Crisis Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesenrolled as freshman just four years ago. This is not an inner city school, but it is a reminder that there is a crisis in our nation. The high school dropout problem is everywhere. Speakers at graduation ceremonies talk about the aspirations and big dreams of the graduating class. No one ever mentions or notices the bleak futures of their peers who chose to dropout before receiving their diplomas. The reasons for dropping out vary by race, sex and community. Teenagers live in the present momentRead MoreThe Faults of a One Size Fits All Education System Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagestheyre taking (US Department of Education). 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However, as she is about half way back to her dorm, a fellow student of hers jumps out and sexually assaults her. After this, the girl decides to report her attack to the campus authorities. However, instead of being met with sympathy, she is met by the college authorities with accusations and little to no care for her situation. She

Impact Of War On Society And The Economy - 899 Words

The Impact of War As soon as there were men, there was war. The history of warfare can be traced all the way back to one of the earliest known civilizations, Mesopotamia. Since the development of organized city-states, warfare has been used to settle disputes, including disagreements over land, resources, and religious beliefs. The United States has a long history of warfare in its 224-year history, starting with its fight for independence. Each war fought has had a profound impact on the course of American history, however there are four particular wars which, when examined can be extremely beneficial when discussing foreign policy and the impact of war on society and the economy. By Analyzing the specific events surrounding the Spanish-American War, World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War and their impact on the economy, it will help future generations and leaders make better decisions regarding foreign policy and diplomacy, as well as how best to approach warfare altogether. Learning from t he mistakes of others can often help lead to much more sound decisions. For example, in terms of warfare, it is important to look back and examine instances in which America has gone to war and carefully observe specific events that led to America’s entry into said war. In addition, it is crucial to identify the broader economic and ideological causes of these wars as well as how each war has affected the United States economy - both during and after the wars. By doing so itShow MoreRelatedImpact Of War On Society And The Economy1933 Words   |  8 PagesAs soon as there was man, there was war. The history of warfare can be traced all the way back to one of the earliest known civilizations, Mesopotamia. Since the development of organized city states warfare has been used to settle disputes including disagreements over land, resources, and religious beliefs. The United States has a long history of warfare in its 224-year history starting with its fight for independance. 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Essay about Poetry Comparison on The Flea and To His Coy...

Poetry Comparison on The Flea and To His Coy Mistress I would firstly like to begin on The Flea. This poem is about a man that is trying to persuade a woman to have sex with him, by symbolically using a flea. The content of the poem is very much the same throughout the whole of the poem. In the first stanza, the poet is basically talking about how the flea represents their coming together and in the last two stanzas the poet tries to then persuade the woman to have sex by using different tactics like guilt etc. To the end of the second stanza the woman whom is being seduced, kills the flea and is clearly stating that she will not go to bed with the poet. Following this he tries to tell her†¦show more content†¦In the second stanza, the poet tries to scare the woman, by saying that her beauty wont always last and that time is of the essence, using such phrases as, thy beauty shall no more be found. By the third stanza he is again persuading her by saying that they should hurry up and have sex before it is too late and that the life will not last forever and that she should not waste her beauty or virginity to her grave. The language throughout the whole of the poem is very extravagant and exaggerated. I also think that this poet has been very cunning and clever in the language he uses, the way he uses it and also the way he has set out his arguments. Lastly, I would like to write about Rapunzstiltskin. This poem is very much more modernised in terms of writing style and language, it is also set in modern day although it tries to represent the story as a parody of other poems. The poem, at first glance, appears very similar to To His Coy Mistress and The Flea in terms of its structure. It is a long poem, which is not broken up into stanzas and, unlike the other two poems, it tells a story. However, the similarities do not stop there because whilst the two pre-twentieth century poems are very traditional in terms of their language and structure. The poet deliberately makes her poem very untraditional. It has not got an evenShow MoreRelated Look again at the three seventeenth century poems, To His Coy Mistress,1589 Words   |  7 PagesLook again at the three seventeenth century poems, To His Coy Mistress, The Flea, and Shall I compare thee. In what ways have the three poets used, or departed from, the conventions of their time and why do you think they have been successful in ... Look again at the three seventeenth century poems, â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, â€Å"The Flea†, and â€Å"Shall I compare thee†. In what ways have the three poets used, or departed from, the conventions of their time and why do you think they have been successfulRead MoreLove in To His Coy Mistress and The Flea Essay1850 Words   |  8 PagesLove in To His Coy Mistress and The Flea Both To His Coy Mistress, by Andrew Marvell (1621-1678) and The Flea, by John Donne (1572-1631) present different attitudes to love. Both are also structured very differently and occasionally use contrasting imagery. Each poem was written in the 17th century, just after the Renaissance. The poets were metaphysical poets. Although the metaphysic was originally a derogatory term, metaphysical poetry used intellectual and theologicalRead MoreMetaphysical Poems792 Words   |  4 Pagesanalogies to create fitting and insightful comparisons, usually to persuade. John Donne and Andrew Marvell have been called metaphysical poets. 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The poems I will talk about are The Flea by John Donne (1572-1631), To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell (1621-78), The Sick Rose by William Blake (1757-1827), A Woman To Her Lover by Christina Walsh inRead MoreCharacteristics of Metaphysical Poetry876 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is a metaphysical poem? Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man, but the intelligence, learning and seriousness of the poets means that the poetry is about the profound areas of experience especially - about love, romantic and sensual; about man s relationship with God - the eternal perspective, and, to a less extent, about pleasure, learning and art. Metaphysical poems are lyric poems. They are brief but intense meditations, characterized by striking use of witRead More Love in To His Coy Mistress, Shall I Compare Thee, Let Me Not, and The Flea3166 Words   |  13 Pagesin To His Coy Mistress, Shall I Compare Thee, Let Me Not, and The Flea The four poems I am going to be comparing are, â€Å"To His Coy Mistress,† â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee,† â€Å"Let Me Not,† and â€Å"The Flea.† All four of these poems are based on the subject matter of love. The four poems have a lot in common but each poem touches a different aspect of love. Two of the poems, â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee†, and â€Å"Let Me Not†, are sonnets and both were written by Shakespeare. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† is writtenRead MoreMetaphysical Poetry By John Donne1590 Words   |  7 PagesFeras Mohammed Awaga Grade 11 B Metaphysical Poetry According to English language, when metaphysical is divided into two words ‘meta’ is defined as after and physical remains as it is. Thus metaphysical means after the physical. The definition above was according to English language, however according to poetry is†¦. Many poets got involved in metaphysical poetry like: Samuel Johnson who wrote his book which is known as ‘’Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets’’, Henry Vaughan, Andrew Marvel, RichardRead Morethatcher4803 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿1. G. M. Hopkins, â€Å"The Windhover†, â€Å"I wake and feel the fell of dark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2. William Shakespeare, Sonnets 1-7 3. John Donne, â€Å"Valediction Forbidding Mourning†, â€Å"The Flea†, â€Å"Hymn to God, My God in my Sickness† 4. George Herbert, â€Å"The Collar†, â€Å"The Altar†, â€Å"Love III† 5. Andrew Marvell, â€Å"To his Coy Mistress† 6. T.S. Eliot, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, â€Å"Journey of the Magi† 2. Poems for individual reading: 1. William Shakespeare Sonnet 73 (â€Å"That time of year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) 2. John Donne, â€Å"HolyRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesdictionary.... In 1904 Ganot published an English, Ibo and French dictionary, based on the Onitsha dialect, and in 1907 Zappa published a French-Igbo dictionary based on a Western Igbo dialect. Northcote W. Thomas devoted four of the six volumes of his Anthropological report on the Ibo-speaking peoples of Nigeria to language, three of them being essentially lexicographic. Part II (1913) consists of an English-Ibo and Ibo-English dictionary, based on the Awka and Onitï€ ¬sha dialects. It has a rather

Invasive Species - Causes and Effects free essay sample

From Giant Hogweed to feral cats Invasive species need to be stopped. Defining the Impact/Activity: Invasive species are species that have been introduced to an ecosystem that affect the habitats and bioregions they invade economically, ecologically, socially, and culturally in a negative manner. This paper will describe the intentional and non-intentional causes, ecological, social, cultural, and economic impacts, the solutions, and the ways to prevent invasive species. Causes- Unintentional: Many invasive species were introduced into other ecosystems when the industrial and human transportation industries took off. Many invasive species were introduced through trading, travel and tourism, transport, release of ballast waters from ships, escape from fish farms, openings of canals and waterways, use of live bait, escape from aquariums or water gardens, escape from live food fish trade, recreational boating and movement of equipment and gear, gardening, seed mixtures, escaped pets, and fire wood. Many present day invasive species were introduced through human imprudence and negligence, like the spiny water flea, big head, silver, and black carp, sea lamprey, round goby, fanwort, bass, pike, and zebra mussels. However, many introductions of invasive species were intentional. Causes- Intentional: Although most invasive species were unintentionally brought into an ecosystem, many were 100% intentional, granting the consequences were unknown. For example, the Giant Hogweed was introduced into Canada from Asia because it was considered decorative. However, Giant Hogweed has a watery sap that is like acid to human skin and if it gets into the eyes can cause permanent or temporary blindness. Other invasive species are the dandelion, purple loosestrife, and English ivy. Some species are introduced for ornamental properties, economic gain, cultural beliefs, improving environmental problems, making an area feel more like another, habitat restoration activities, authorized fish stocking, biological control of pests, and releasing pets that someone can’t or won’t look after. (Boa constrictors, feral cats, feral dogs) Impacts- Ecological: Invasive species have caused the extinction and endangerment of hundreds of native species; they cause irreversible changes to habitats, kill and crowd out other species through predation, parasitism, disease, and competition. They also alter ecological processes such as water, nutrient, and energy cycles. They can also breed with native species to cause hybrid species. They can bring new diseases that native species can’t fight. The effects are â€Å"immense, insidious, and usually irreversible. † (https://wwf. panda. org/about_our_earth/species/problems/invasive_species/) Impacts- Social: Along with dangers to the environment invasive species can be very disruptive of our social and recreational areas. Invasive species like the snakehead fish, boa constrictor, red fire ants, and the African Rock Python (a new snake found in the Florida everglades and expected to become invasive) all are potentially dangerous to humans. Aquatic invaders can make recreation like swimming and boating difficult, and sometimes camping, hiking, and biking can be made impossible by alien species. They can also invade in parks and public places and decrease public appeal. Impacts- Economical: Along with the social and Ecological impacts, it costs a lot of money in damages, preventions, and solutions relating to invasive species. The damages due to invasive species costs the world $1. 7 trillion every year, in the Great Lakes Zebra mussels cost $3-$7. 5 billion in damages every year, and cost forest and agriculture industries in Canada $7. 3 million, they also decrease property value and reduce the value of commercial and recreational fishing. Impacts- Cultural: An affect that is not widely recognized is cultural impacts. Many aboriginal tribes lose the medicinal plants and cultural materials needed in cultural practices. Many invasive species alter culturally significant sites and take away food sources, some native species vital to cultural practices are killed with non-target pesticide contamination. Solutions- Prevention: There is no simple solution to invasive species; one of the most common characteristics of invasive species is their fast growth, rapid reproduction, high dispersal ability, and high adaptability, this makes many invasive species very hard to eradicate. Because of this the main solution for invasive species is preventing their spread. One of the best ways to prevent the introduction of indigenous species is to be cautious of the pathways. For example, people should clean their boats thoroughly before moving it to different bodies of water. Dredging, dams, traps, electrical fields, mechanical barriers, trenching, and sticky bands are some other good ways to prevent there spread. Solutions: Because of many invasive species growth, reproduction, dispersal, and adaptability rates getting rid of them can be very difficult. Some methods people have used are; mechanical harvesting, hand-pulling plants, cutting and destroying infested material, poison, use of a living organisms, and pesticides. However, with many of these species leaving one pregnant female of one solitary plant can lead to a re-infestation. Removing invasive species is easier said then done. Conclusion: In conclusion, invasive species are a very negative affect on the biodiversity of our ecosystems and need to be exterminated.

Freakonomics “What Do School Teachers and Sumo Wrestlers Have in Common” free essay sample

Freakonomics: â€Å"What Do School Teachers and Sumo Wrestlers Have in Common† Daily Humans face the difficulty of choosing whats morally right, and morally wrong. Whether it be the simple everyday thank you and please or perhaps the wrong decision made under the carpet for personal gain, every action has a reaction. These choices seem simple when seen on paper, however the once simple decision becomes quite the opposite when an alternate motive poisons the minds of unsuspecting civilians. Freakonomics illustrates the harsh reality that once people are given a choice, no matter how wrong it may seem; when their neck is on the line, the majority of civilians will do what it takes to benefit themselves. Reffering to the rhetorical evidence of logos, Levitt and Dubner use examples from school systems to sumo wrestlers to explain to readers the motivation behind the so called cheating that plagues society. In â€Å"What Do School Teachers and Sumo Wrestlers Have in Common† Levitt and Dubner describes the situation for the teachers inside the Chicago Public Schools. We will write a custom essay sample on Freakonomics: â€Å"What Do School Teachers and Sumo Wrestlers Have in Common† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It just so happens that the year the teachers proved to be fraudulent â€Å"high stakes testing† implemented itself into the school system (22). With bonuses and jobs on the line are the teachers really to blame? If it is true everyone has a price then it must be true that the Chicago Public Schools hit the teacher’s price dead on. In turn the question must be asked: who cheats? â€Å"Anyone, if the stakes are right† (22). As rhetorical elements, these descriptions convince the audience that everyone has a price to do what’s proven as morally wrong. Overall Levitt and Dubner sufficiently paint a picture in the minds of readers why someone would go against morality to benefit themselves.

Global Trade and Financial Institutions

Defining the issue In 1999, something peculiar happened in Europe under the auspices of European Union. Some countries in Europe came together to set up new economic policy arrangements that will govern them economically.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Global Trade and Financial Institutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was one of the most momentous occasions happening in Europe since the adoption of the common market protocol way back in 1957. Chief among the economic policy arrangements was the adoption of a single currency – the euro. Most European countries believed that by adopting this single currency, there would be a positive impact to not only the operations of European banks, but also currency traders (money exchange bureaus). Additionally, the adoption of the euro as a single currency meant to ease trade between countries in the region. The biggest question however is how the euro will manage to break into currency hegemony. There is no doubt that for over five decades now, the dollar has been the most dominant currency in global trade and financial institutions. In fact, its performance in international markets has always influenced the prices of commodities such as oil. This scenario has attracted a series of criticism from financial institutions and international traders. On international trade platforms, the criticisms of the dollar hegemony are getting louder and louder by the day. China has indeed led other countries opposed to the dollar hegemony by practicing quantitative easing, which in turn keeps eroding the legitimacy of the dollar as number-one global reserve currency. T he euro, most probably the second global reserve currency, has tried to break the U.S. dollar hegemony, but with little success.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thi s paper is a case study on whether the euro has succeeded in breaking the dominance of the dollar in global trade and financial institutions. The case study will discuss the impact of the euro as a single currency in Europe, and assess its influence in International Monetary System. The case study will also examine factors that led to the international acceptance of currency, vis-à  -vis the Euro (Chinn Jeffrey, 2005). Case study Before the introduction of the euro, the dollar accounted for 83% of world transactions. Following it closely was the Japanese Yen. Notably, this occurred even when statistics indicate that Europe control world trade at 17% compared to United States at 12%. Nonetheless, the fact that many European countries accepted the euro and opted to use it in trade is a boost of the euro. European countries also prefer to use the euro to trade because of the low transaction costs. (Chinn Jeffrey, 2005) The exchange rate market has been a speculative and free-floati ng nature one. From the graph above, we can see the variations of the dollar vs. euro exchange data.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Global Trade and Financial Institutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the dawn of the 20th century, statistics from banks indicated that the dollar was the major reserve currency. In 2007, its share in exchange market was 65.7%, while that of the euro was 25.2%. However, since then the share of the dollar has been on decline with that of euro rising. Analyzing the case data (Chinn Jeffrey, 2005) Both the dollar and the euro enjoy monopoly in the exchange market. By the end of 2012, the dollar reserve share stood at 61.8%, while that of the euro stood at 24.1%. This means that the share of the dollar has decreased significantly. The exchange rate of the dollar to that of the euro at its introduction was 1.1795. It weakened further in the next two years to 0.895. However , as the world became acquainted with it, it rose gradually to 1.000 in 2002 and 1.637 in 2008. Today, a single dollar trades for 1.28 euro. Generating alternatives Marketing The call for the new reserve currency, as an alternative to the dollar is was good news. To realize this, the European Central Bank assumed the role of marketing the euro to all European countries and even outside the region. It also took over the responsibility of creating neutral monetary policies that will favor its exchange rates in the financial market on behalf of member countries. By enacting new policies, the banks expected international spillovers and colossal euro demand in international financial and exchange markets.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is simply because the spillovers will definitely have an impact on exchange rates in addition to enhancing international policy coordination. We have seen international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, G7, and OECD adopt the euro as one of the global currencies. However, although the euro is a global currency, it has not broken the dollar hegemony completely. This is simply because in the oil market, traders prefer to use a dollar rather than the euro. Nonetheless, the euro is common especially in the purchase of other goods not only in the European Union, but in the rest of the world as well. Internalization of the euro In considering which of the two exhibits more influence, we assess the internalization of both the dollar and euro in global foreign exchange markets and various international securities markets. For example, the dominance of the euro in European markets has managed to reduce the dominance of the dollar. In other words, the economic size of the region, the continued liberalization and amalgamation of financial markets are some of the reasons that make the euro perfume better than the dollar in European financial and exchange markets. International creditors also have confidence on euro monetary policies. However, United States does not believe that this is matter of great concern, as it believes it will take a long period for a new currency or any otherworld currency to supplant the dollar. Although the dollar is still the primary reserve currency, there is likelihood that the euro can emerge stronger and take the number-one position. Monetary unification in Europe, United States inflation, and the collapse of the Bretton Woods exchange rate regime, undoubtedly, are some of the opportunities that can strengthen the euro to dominate in world markets. Establishment of euro reserve account Many analysts point out that currency hegemony is a political war that has massive economic benefits. This is the rea son why European countries came together and adopted the euro as a single currency. The amalgamation of European countries to create a geopolitical and financial power base has also pushed international currency system (Kenen, 1995). Selecting decision criteria Here, we analyze the best criteria that will establish the dollar hegemony. Euro as a single agency Usually, in international economy, there are a myriad of factors that significant role in establishing currency hegemony. First, the adoption of the euro as a single currency by many European countries led to its internalization, and this made it strong. Secondly, the players should market the currency internationally in order to make it dominant. Currency wars do not have supranational authority such that traders and financial institutions have no option other than to use the currency. It all depends on the market dominance, economies of scale, and other factors, for example, externalities, ambiguities and asymmetries in the u se of currencies. Analyzing and evaluating alternatives In order to break the dollar hegemony in global trade, the European Monetary Union must consider some alternatives. Use of the euro in oil trade In 2002, something peculiar happened, perhaps boosting the euro to become an important player in foreign exchange markets and international financial institutions. Countries such as China, Russia, and Canada opted for the euro instead of dollars in their reserve banks. Additionally, many countries have also joined the union raising oil purchase from OPEC countries to over 50 percent. Currently, many European countries prefer to use the euro in foreign exchange markets rather than the dollar. However, the euro has not managed to rival the dollar in the oil market segment, as many traders prefer dollars. The reason is that most of the OPEC oil reserves are in dollars and it has not been easy to replace them with the euro. Additionally, if other oil importing countries also opt for the eu ro instead of the dollar, then the euro will advance towards hegemony. Irrefutably, the oil market determines the global dominant currency. Therefore, for the euro to be a competitor to the dollar, and perhaps outdo it, global traders and financial institutions must replace the dollar reserves with euro reserves. By doing so, the dollar will plummet, and a myriad of asset markets will offload excess dollars. On the other hand, this will help millions of poor Americans purchase homes due to the deflation of the property market. Furthermore, this will streamline the United States stock markets and make them more profitable. In other words, the devaluation of the dollar will on the other hand lead to the appreciation of the euro. This is the only way that the euro will dominate global trade. However, as it stands now, the dollar is the most dominant world currency (Kenen, 2002). Empowering the European Monetary Union (EMU) Exclusive invoicing of the euro will strengthen the euro in fin ancial and exchange markets. This means that countries trading with European countries will suffer reduced economies of scale if they do not use the euro. In some instances, one-off arithmetic impact will increase the value of dollar depended trade, and many traders would switch to the euro. Additionally, given the turbulent foreign exchange markets, where the dollar exhibits high volatility against other currencies, many traders have resorted to the euro for bilateral trade. Consequently, this has enhanced chances of the euro outdoing the dollar as an international unit of account (Reinhart Rogoff, 2002). Selecting the preferred alternative Increasing euro reserve share The best alternative of making the euro strong is by increasing the reserve share for oil trade. Many analysts agree that the adoption of a single currency can be a cutting-edge to investment, especially in the oil market. That is why the pricing of oil in dollars established the dollar hegemony, which has stood fo r over five decades now. However, allowing a second currency into the oil market will not only increase the reserve currency, but also avoid the monopoly experienced in the market currently. Statistics indicate that Euro Zone commands a bigger junk of world trade in comparison to United States. In reality, these statistics show that European countries import more oil compared to that imported by United States. Unlike United States, which has vast foreign debt in addition to its trade deficit, Euro Zone offers interests to its oil trading partners in Middle East. Virtually, the European Central Bank has done much to tighten and seal budget deficits in order to boost the purchasing power of the euro. Action/ implementation plan Phrase oil currency plan There is no doubt that the oil market is the one separating the dominance of the dollar in global trade from that of the euro. Therefore, in order to rival this dominance, the Economic Monetary Union should create a plan—the phra se oil currency plan. This plan proposes increase of euro reserve in the oil market. Since its introduction, the euro has had an influence especially in the Euro Zone, and it stands the biggest rival of the dollar. The euro has done well in exchange markets so far. This plan proposes to increase euro reserve to over 50% so that it can equal that of the dollar. By doing so, traders will find it necessary to use the euro for oil trade. In the political arena, the rivalry between United States and countries from the Middle East has had a negative impact on the dollar. This is good news to the euro and for the plan. For instance, OPEC countries such as Iran have openly defied the dollar and instead opted for the euro. In fact, in 2002, out of anger, the Iran government changed it currency reserves into euros, thus, favoring the euro. This has indeed boosted the chances of the euro becoming number-one global currency. Venezuela is also another OPEC that rejects the use of dollars in the oil trade. In fact, in 2000, in a summit of OPEC member states, Venezuela proposed a computerized trade system that will allow countries to trade their commodities without using any currency. Iraq also followed suit by writing to the United Nations to allow it trade it oil products in euros. It also managed to change its currency reserves into euros. Syria has also been exchanging its oil commodities and other products for euro. In other words, by converting dollar reserves into the euro, the euro will become stronger (Mundell, 1998). Conclusion Although the euro has not fully become the number-one global currency, it has managed to rival the dollar in foreign exchange markets and international financial institutions. Within the Euro Zone, the euro is the common currency for exchange. However, the recent Euro Zone crisis posed yet another challenge of making the euro stronger in exchange markets than the dollar. Nevertheless, as time goes by, and many countries change their dollar r eserves into euro, perhaps the euro will become the number-one position global currency by 2020. Reference List Chinn, M. Jeffrey, F. (2005). Will the Euro Eventually Surpass the Dollar? Paper presented at the NBER Conference, G7 Current Account Imbalances: Sustainability and Adjustment. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Cohen, B. J. (1997). The political economy of currency regions.  New York: Columbia University Press. Kenen, P. (1995). Economic and Monetary Union in Europe: Moving Beyond Maastricht. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kenen, P. (2002). The Euro versus the Dollar: Will There Be a Struggle for Dominance.  Journal of Policy Modeling, 24, 347–354. Mundell, R. A. (1998). What the Euro Means for the Dollar and the International Monetary System. Atlantic Economic Journal, 26(3), 227–237. Reinhart, C. M. Rogoff K. (2002). The Modern History of Exchange Rate  Arrangements: A Reinterpretation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: National Bureau of Economic Research. This case study on Global Trade and Financial Institutions was written and submitted by user Fernanda R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample Definition Essay - Common Mistakes to Avoid

Sample Definition Essay - Common Mistakes to AvoidAs an English major I have read a lot of sample definition essays, which appeared on papers, testing and entrance exams. A lot of these samples contain the common mistake that I have noticed in a lot of sample essays. These common mistakes are attributed to English majors, who do not realize the importance of grammar, punctuation and syntax when writing an essay.I am going to discuss a few of the most common mistakes in sample definitions that I have seen. I have seen a lot of errors in the last year. The things that are common in these samples are spelling, incorrect punctuation, wrong punctuation and grammar. These mistakes will certainly ruin your opportunity to apply for an English degree, but what can you do about it?Most of the time, we do not realize the importance of grammar in a research paper, so this is a common mistake made by a lot of English majors. Grammar rules a research paper, the points in a thesis or dissertation, and even essays.Writing an essay, which includes any forms of argument will include most of the common mistakes made by students. When you do not get all the points across correctly, you will not be able to understand the ideas of other students, and this may cause you to lose points to other students.All essays will include spelling, proper grammar and correct punctuation. Even if you use an English spelling program, you still have to look for all these words while writing an essay.If you want to impress your classmates, you have to understand the concepts of terminology, hyphenation, subclause, sentences, points, clause, sentence construction, adjectives, adverbs, etc. Reading and writing an essay is quite similar to reading and writing vocabulary.Writing an essay is a very difficult task. Make sure that you start with a great beginning, so that you can learn all the mistakes in the process.